October Revolution and Animal Farm - 1439 Words

Dylan Hearn 2nd 9/24/14 Animal Farm 20 Questions Webquest Directions: Please use the suggested links to find answers to each of the questions below. Be sure to paraphrase (not copy) the answers/information you find on the internet. All these questions will have parallels in Animal Farm, so be sure to pay careful attention! For questions #1-2, please refer to your copy of the novel and to this website http://www.k-1.com/Orwell/site/opinion/essays/rhodi.html 1. What was George Orwell’s personal experience of Stalin’s government, and how did this experience become the motivation/basis for Animal Farm? It was a very negative experience with Stalin’s government, which was supporting Totalitarianism. He wrote Animal Farm in†¦show more content†¦He led the October Revolution in Russia, becoming the first communist leader of the USSR. 12. From the information in â€Å"Russian communist party and civil war,† what event in Animal Farm most resembles the Red Army’s defeat of the allied White Army? For question # 13, focus on the first and third paragraphs of the following site: http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95aug/napoleon.html 13. Who was Napoleon Bonaparte, and what was his basic personality and style/methods of ruling? Napoleon was one of the greatest military commanders in history. He has also been portrayed as a power hungry conqueror. Napoleon denied those accusations. He argued that he was building a federation of free peoples in a Europe united under a liberal government. For questions #17-22 use the following site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin 14. Who was Josef Stalin, and what kind of ruler was he? Josef stallin was the leader of the Soviet Union, he was one of the most brutal dictators in history, by the time he died people estimate that he killed 20 million people. 15. What was Stalin’s relationship to Leon Trotsky, and why did Trotsky leave Russia? Trotsky was part of the Bolshevic party during the early years of the USSR. He fought against Stalin for ruling power of the USSR. Stalin won and banished Trotsky 16. What are the differences between Trotskyism and Stalinism (click on â€Å"Leon Trotsky† link and there are links to theseShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm By George Orwell1433 Words   |  6 PagesMay 29, 2017 Animals Farm Research Paper â€Å"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.† George Orwell’s novella Animal Farm. Orwell’s goal in writing Animal Farm was to illustrate the 1917 Russian Revolution, and depict a government more tyrannical and oppressive than the one it overthrew. The characters and the events in Animal Farm mirror the Russian Revolution. For example, in the novella Manor Farm is a representation of Russia. Whereas animals like Old MajorRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell922 Words   |  4 PagesOrin Sahar Professor Hofman ENC1101 #498561 October 4th, 2014 Animal Farm Analysis Animal Farm is a fairy tale story based on the Russian Revolution. The story can be related to almost any revolution because the main idea involves dictatorship. In this essay, Animal Farm will be compared to the events and people that were involved in the French Revolution. The animals in Mr. Jones farm were treated harshly, like the lower class citizens of France. The common element in both was that there wasRead MoreAnimal Farm: An Allegory of Russian History Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm is an allegory of the period in Russian history between 1917 and 1944. It is a satirical story written in the form of an animal fable. In writing Animal Farm as a fable, George Orwell is able to present his subject in simple symbolic terms by treating the development of communism as a story that is taking place on a single farm with talking animals. The characters of Animal Farm represent figures in Russian history during the Russian Revolution. Places, objects, and events of t heRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Farm is of course, a satirical allegory, very specifically of the Russian Revolution and of Stalin (Napoleon in the book), but more generally of revolution, the idealism of utopias, and the way in which people take control of societies founded on principles of equality. It is a satirical allegory of Soviet totalitarianism. Orwell based major events in the book on ones from the Soviet Union during the Stalin era. Orwell, a democratic socialist, and a member of the Independent Labour PartyRead MoreThe Allegory Animal Farm By George Orwell1273 Words   |  6 Pagesa communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Workingmen of all countries, unite!† (Karl Marx). This is the document that led to the Russian October Revolution, which ultimately turned the Soviet Union into a dictatorship. In the allegory Animal Farm by George Orwell, which pertain s to the Russian Revolution, the animals of the Manor Farm are ruled by a tyrannical farmer named Jones, who murders chickens and gives the animals minimal rationsRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1397 Words   |  6 PagesAn important quote by the influential author of Animal Farm, George Orwell, is, â€Å"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism.† George Orwell, a Democratic Socialist, wrote the book Animal Farm as an attack on the Communist country of Russia (â€Å"The Political Ideas of George Orwell,† worldsocialism.org). He had a very strong disliking of Communism and the Socialist party of Russia. However, he insisted on finding the truthRead MoreThe Russian Revolution and George Orwells Animal Farm Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesRussian Revolution and George Orwells Animal Farm Animal Farm can be read in two different ways. The first is as a childs book about animals that can walk and talk, but the second is to understand what message the book is trying give. To understand this message you need to understand about the Russian revolution 1917. In the book Animalism is created and in the revolution communist leaders gain power. The book directly links a person from the revolution to a characterRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1361 Words   |  6 Pagespast years Mr. Jones, although a hard master, had been a capable farmer, but of late he had fallen on evil days†(Orwell 38). In Animal Farm George Orwell describes life for the animals on a farm in the english countryside during the mid to early 20th century before, during and after a revolution against their master Mr.Jones in order to represent the russian revolution and describe to people throughout the free world how leaders in both capitalist and communist societies oppress the working classRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1463 Words   |  6 Pagesyears Mr. Jones, although a hard master, had been a capable farmer, but of late he had fallen on evil days†(Orwell 38). In Animal Farm, George Orwell describes life for the animals on a farm in the English countryside during the mid to early 20th century before, during and after a revolution against their master, Mr.Jones. Orwell does this to represent the Russian revolution and describe to people throughout the free world how leaders in both capitalist and communist societies oppress the workingRead More Symbolism and Interpretation in Animal Farm Essay808 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism and Interpretation in Animal Farm When Orwell published Animal Farm in 1945, a popular belief held that the Soviet Union was an honorable nation. Orwell hoped to write a novel that exposed the murderous truth of the Soviet System; he employed allegory to show a truth that remained unclear to many. As an allegory on early 20th Century Russia, ANIMAL FARM introduces its audience to a wide array of characters--each serving as a symbol. The table below provides a list of fictional

The Religion Of Islam Is A Religion With Deep Roots That

The religion of Islam is a religion with deep roots that have now expanded out from the Middle East and touch all corners of the world. While there is no doubt that Islam’s oldest roots lie in the birthplace of the religion, the Arabian Peninsula, the religion’s culture, customs, and laws have been carried out from here and impact millions worldwide. However, with the spread of Islam into the world comes the spread of the world into Islam. Meaning that as Islam’s roots grow far and wide it must face the challenging idea of modernization into what many people would now define as our â€Å"global society†. Islam has proven century after century to be a â€Å"just and moral† religion like their monotheistic predecessors, Judaism and†¦show more content†¦The first scholar, Subhi Mahmasani was from Lebanon where he held many prestigious titles in the political sphere such as: a member of the Lebanese Parliament, president of the Appeals Court, minister of Economy, as well as teaching at the American University in Beirut and the Lebanese University (LI, 145). The article published by Mahmasani in Liberal Islam is entitled â€Å"Adaptation of Islamic Jurisprudence to Modern Social Need.† Mahmasani begins by explaining that the concept of Islamic jurisprudence dealt with questions of religions, worship and legal transactions thus explaining that the ‘ulama (scholars) and jurists had to be knowledge in all departments of knowledge (LI, 145). This knowledge comes from a variety of sources such as the Qu’ran and the Sunna as well as through customs, geography, and the search for the inner ijtihad (endeavor or interpretation). Mahmasani’s claims that after Sunni jurists agreed to close the door to ijtihad, because of the fall of Baghdad in the seventh century, Islamic thought met a dead end. Mahmasani explains that â€Å"the door of ijtihad should be thrown wide open for anyone juristically qualified†¦what is right is to allow freedom of interpretation of Islamic jurisprudence and to liberate thought† (LI 146). More so, he later goes on to explain that the Sunna is a contradiction because the prophetShow MoreRelatedIsrael And Palestine Conflict Between Judaism And Islam1568 Words   |  7 PagesIsrael and Palestine The conflict between the Palestinians and the Israelis is largely a religious conflict. Even though religion, ethnicity, territory, and politics are inextricably interwoven, the conflict is largely fueled and driven on by the religious rift between Judaism and Islam. Without the religious component of a Jewish state and the religious identity of the Palestinians clashing against one another, perhaps the conflict would still have emerged out of territorial or nationalistic disputesRead MoreSocial, Cultural And Political Features Of The Middle East1140 Words   |  5 Pagescountries there are some characteristics of the region that are unique to the Middle East. One of the most common feature of the region is the Islamic. The population in Middle East is made of 93% Muslims. This feature has deep roots as far as the seventh century when the tenets of Islam were first introduced to the Arabs. The inhabitants of the region referred to as the Middle East have a common language, Arabic. Arabic has become the predominant language among the Muslims. Its use can be traced to accountsRead MorePrayer and Fasting: Traditions That Cross the Barriar of Religions1441 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s world there are hundreds of religions with thousands of traditions and practices. Many of these religions share the same roots, but have diverged so much over the years that the only thing in common is the God they worship. When observing two major religions of India, Hinduism and Buddhism, one can see that there are several similarities, such as the polytheistic worship, but to the uneducated, the two religions may seem very different and distinct wit h little in common. In fact the majorRead MoreLife Of Pi By Yann Martel1068 Words   |  5 PagesPi is an incredible survival story written by Yann Martel. It follows a young protagonist named Piscine Patel, Pi, and his journey of hope and courage. His strength is grounded in his faith and religion, as well as his admiration for the startling world of science, and teaches that both science and religion can offer a unique perspective on the world around us. Pi has the simple yet extraordinary notion that even scientists can take a â€Å"leap of faith† (1), which enables them to be viewed in the religiousRead MoreReanalyze the Relationship of the West and Islamic Civilization Future1142 Words   |  5 PagesWest v. Islam conflict. Democracy System v. Islamic Laws Samuel P. Huntington stated that Muslims unable to accept democracy because of the nature of Islamic law and this situation potentially lead to the virulent clash between the West and Islamic countries. He argued that Islam is the exclusive religion which is not flexible to adopt another political idea. This situation is occurred due to Islam basic system which integrates religion principle to political system. For Muslims, Islam is not onlyRead MoreThe Importance Of A Global Village, Interaction With People From Diverse Background Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesAs the world continues to be a global village, interaction with people from diverse background is a day-to-day occurrence. Human kind is said to be diverse not only in culture but going deep into the different school of thought one posse. It is each one responsibility to get along with the diversity brought about by different ways of thought. This diversity can lead to conflict of between different cultures but what is impo rtant is how one is able to settle the differences or rather mitigate. ThisRead MoreJesus and Mohammed Paper1476 Words   |  6 Pagesand Islam are two religions that are monotheistic, meaning they believe in only one God. Christianity believes in Jesus, while Judaism believes in Mohammed. While the two religions are monotheistic, it does not mean they believe in the same beliefs nor have the same beliefs about their Gods. While Christianity believes Jesus to be the son of God, Islam believes in Mohammed; a young orphan, whose parents died when he was six (father) and nine (mother) (Smith, 2004). Both religions have deep rootsRead MoreSimilarities between Beliefs and Philosophies from the World1637 Words   |  7 PagesChoice of topic: Religion has always amused me. I have always been curious about the ways of life in a particular religion and their beliefs about God. Point of view has always been important and is supposed to be respected. I was myself involved in many of the family rituals conducted and that always amused me. I come from a family possessing a religious background. I would credit my grandparents for teaching me the Hindu way of life and for teaching to respect other religions and their beliefsRead MoreThe Religion Of The Hajj1734 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout time, many aspects of life have changed in drastic ways. One common thing around the world, no matter where you are, that has evolved is over time is religion. One religion that has changed has been Islam. Something that unites all Muslims is a common belief they have; The Five Pillars. These Pillars allow the Muslim community to become one regardless of their social statue. One of the most changed of these would be the Pilgrimage to Mecca. Also known as the Hajj, â€Å" Every adult MuslimRead MoreEssay on Islam Culture and Beliefs1418 Words   |  6 PagesIslam is one of the worlds greatest monotheistic religions. The followers of Islam are known as Muslims, and they believe in God, Allah. The word Islam is an Arabic word that means submitting and surrendering your will to Almighty God.† The word comes from the same root as the Arabic word salam† which means peace. Islam is the religion of about one and half billion people in the world. It is the second la rgest in the number of followers after Christianity. I chose this religion as a topic of

Death Cab for Cutie and Franz Ferdinand free essay sample

Comprised of three working-class English accents stomping andsweating around the stage, The Cribs opened and provoked no more reaction from the haughty hipstersthan an occasional surly foot tap. They powered through their set, though, dressed in tight pantsand even tighter shirts. When they finally got some people dancing during â€Å"HeyScenesters,† it was pretty funny because the one song that got the hipsters shaking theirpainstakingly styled hair was, in fact, making fun of them. The Cribs werent exactlyterrible, but they did provide a chance to go out and buy everything from a life on the roaddocumentary of Death Cab to Franz Ferdinand underwear. The time between the opener and theheadliner was the best time for people watching. I had fun studying the tight-trousered, sexuallyambiguous scenesters clustered in tight groups, excitedly bouncing on the soles of their perfectlybroken-in Converses. There was also a surprising number of 30 and 40-somethings, but the mostentertaining bunch to watch was a group of teenage boys wearing the hipster uniform but lacking thenecessary gloomy sense of pretension they were tripping the light fantastic with some moves thatlooked left over from â€Å"Footloose,† oblivious to anyone else who didnt sharetheir fancy-footed skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Death Cab for Cutie and Franz Ferdinand or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then Death Cab for Cutie descended onto the stage andkicked things off with a hyper (well, hyper for them) â€Å"Crooked Teeth,† then segued intoan exhilarating â€Å"New Year,† and greeted the crowd with a cheerfully modest, â€Å"Hi,were called Death Cab for Cutie and were from Seattle. Were so (expletive)glad to be in Sacramento. This is our sixth time here. Its better now.† They thenannounced that they were going to play something from â€Å"You Can Play These Songs WithChords,† a move that was greeted with widespread applause. Throughout their set,they dipped into â€Å"Transatlanticism,† playing many favorites including â€Å"Title andRegistration,† â€Å"The Sound of Settling† and â€Å"Transatlanticism.† Mostof â€Å"Plans† was also played, most notably, a tender â€Å"I Will Follow You Into theDark.† The great thing about Death Cab was that they seemed really jazzed to bethere. There was no snobbish indie-band-turned-big attitude; they threw themselves into theirperformance in the low-key rock out that they do so well. Chris Walla seemed especially happy,flitting from guitar to keyboard, wearing a huge grin and quietly trading jokes with Nick Harmer.Before leaving, Ben Gibbard shared how great it was to be touring with The Cribs and FranzFerdinand and even dedicated songs to them. Franz Ferdinand arrived on stage in a flurry ofsmoke, blinding lights and their album cover flashing behind them. What I gleaned from theirperformance is that Alex Kapronos would be a fantastic circus ringmaster if he ever gave up theindie-rock circuit. He delivered hilarious, super-fast, auctioneer-style introductions of everyonein his band, and spouted clever lead-ins for some of the songs. Dressed in a leather jacketand straight-legged pinstriped trousers, he resembled Sid Vicious with less anger and more style,and, as he artfully skipped and strutted around the stage, he sent many a girls heart apitter-pattering. Franz F. got everyone moving with a sweaty mix of their most danceable tracksfrom their two albums. The highlights were Kapronos gleefully proclaiming, â€Å"Nothing mattersnow!† during â€Å"Michael,† an explosive â€Å"Take Me Out,† and three peopledrumming at the same time during â€Å"This Boy.† The concert was a perfectcombination of very different bands. It was like getting two great concerts in one, and it wasinteresting to see the different reactions they got: Death Cab fans intensely nodded along to BenGibbards sa-woon worthy lyrical feats, while Franz Ferdinand got the normally unflappablecool kids sweaty with dance punk joy.

The Mission Essay Research Paper The Mission free essay sample

The Mission Essay, Research Paper The Mission # 8221 ; is a gesture image, directed by Roland Joffe in 1986, about a Jesuit mission that is threatened by greed and imperialism in the late eighteenth century in the Brazilian jungle. Father Gabriel, played by Jeremy Irons, climbs the mountains of Brazil to convey Christianity to the indigens. He is successful and brings about a aureate age among them. Mendoza, played by Robert De Niro, a slave bargainer, kills his brother, Felipe played by Aidan Quinn, in a tantrum of fury over a adult female named Carlotta, played by Cherie Lunghi. Merely Fr. Gabriel # 8217 ; s leading prevents his self-destruction. Gabriel brings Mendoza to work at his mission with the indigens, and Mendoza finds peace and asks to go a priest. The Church, under force per unit area, gives the land up to the Portuguese who will let slave bargainers in once more. Mendoza breaks his vows and organizes the indigens to contend against the Portuguese while Gabriel warns him non to contend and alternativel y to assist them as a priest. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mission Essay Research Paper The Mission or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the terminal of the film Fr. Gabriel bravely leads a emanation with the Host through the conflict. He is martyred along with about everyone else. Merely a few immature indigens are left, whom because they have been touched by God, to reconstruct the community. This film, more than most I have of all time seen, demonstrates diagrammatically, from a normal, human point of position, the net consequence of the brotherhood of passion and greed, where one compliments the other. The two chief grounds the mission is threatened, as I have said before, are imperialism and greed. Greed is an inordinate desire to get or possess more than what one needs or deserves, particularly with regard to material wealth. In this film, that translates into, how the Portuguese merely wanted to derive these lands for net income. Since indigens lived there the Portuguese wanted to derive the land so they could merchandise slaves at that place. This was the whole ground Mendoza disregarded his vows and fought against the Portuguese. The other ground, elf erialism, is the policy of widening a nation’s authorization by territorial acquisition or by the constitution of economic and political domination over other states. In this instance, the Portuguese wanted to get the lands belonging to the indigens because of economic grounds. The major subject of this film is represented in a quotation mark. This quotation mark is, # 8220 ; The church is the bride of Christ, she is besides the cross on which he is day-to-day crucified. # 8221 ; The Bride of Jesus Christ is non a what, it # 8217 ; s a who. She is the many membered organic structure of Jesus Christ that is transporting on the Message sent to her from God, she is the Church. # 8220 ; For the matrimony of the Lamb is come, And His married woman hath made herself ready. # 8221 ; # 8211 ; Revelation 19:7, and # 8220 ; And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven phials full of the seven last pestilences, and talked with me, stating, Come hither, I will prove thee the bride, the Lamb # 8217 ; s wife. # 8221 ; -Revelation 21:9, are two quotation marks from the Bible including the word # 8220 ; bride # 8221 ; , this bride referred to is the Church. When we say # 8220 ; it is the cross on which he is day-to-day crucified, # 8221 ; to me seems to be speaking about the Eucharist and mass. Everyday the church celebrates the mass, where we sacrifice Jesus up to God, and where we retrieve his decease on the cross, which opened up the Gates of Heaven. This could besides intend another thing, this could be speaking about how the Church is ever holy but its members are non. This is kind of paradoxical, nevertheless it is true, we as Catholics may non be at all times holy, but the Church as the Bride of Christ is everlastingly holy. This film has many first-class characteristics. It contains fantastic camera work, breathtaking scenery, and truly good public presentations from Irons and De Niro. All these things make the movie rather powerful, and it can truly pull the spectator in. However, one can non assist but experience captive during the film and yet unsatisfied at the decision. All around nevertheless, this film was great and I # 8217 ; d strongly urge it.

To What Extent Did The ValoisHabsburg Conflict Weaken The French Monarchy During The Period Of 15191529 essays

To What Extent Did The ValoisHabsburg Conflict Weaken The French Monarchy During The Period Of 15191529 essays To what extent did the Valois - Habsberg conflict, weaken the French monarchy during the period of 1519-1529? In 1515 Francis I inherited the throne of France. His kingdom covered 459,000 square kilometres with the majority of its population in widely spread towns and cities. The population was about 15million, recovering from the ravages of the Hundred Years war and the Black Death. This had stimulated a recovery of French agriculture. The mining industry was also receiving official encouragement, if only to remedy an acute shortage of silver and German miners were being encouraged to settle in France. The French economy was in good shape with trade booming. . Frances relative prosperity allowed the monarchy to effectively collect tax revenues by employing tax collectors. France was also largely self-sufficient so it didnt spend much on imports from other countries. Frances oversees trade was expanding as it had regular trade from the Levant, Netherlands, Scandinavia and England. As a result the crown achieved 1300 livres alone from harbour dues each year. But these factors alone did not make the monarchy strong so therefore I must examine the strengths of the monarchy. Many factors combined to give the impression that the monarchy was in a strong position. Firstly, we have the leadership Francis I who saw himself as a contemporary monarch. He was a Renaissance Prince and took an interest in the arts and new learning. This is how he wanted people to see him. He considered himself as a first amongst equals. It can also be said that there was no opposition towards his accession to the throne even though Mary Tudor (who married Louis XII just before he died) could have had a son who would make his claim void. Louis XIIs second wife did have children but they were all female therefore they were debarred from succession by Salic law. Francis was intelligent, well built and quick-witted which ma...

UNIT 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNIT 5 - Essay Example Shoddy would be forced to comply with the terms of the agreement. This is due to the fact that Hoosier burg has been his territory for so long. He has a well-established clientele. Besides, he has those clients who are faithful to him and his comeback would sweep them all from the plaintiff’s shop. Another reason could be the fact that the sold shoe repair shop has not had a change of name. This somehow still gives Mr. Shoddy an upper hand in the business. As this contract is in place and after its end or stoppage, Bob Bobswell accepts to maintain the confidentiality of WABC’s details such as list of clientele, company operation modalities, or any other private matters. Bob Bobswell accepts to take proper care not to spill out anything accidentally (Emerson, 2009 p.145). It is important to note that, privacy and confidentiality prevents your competitors from knowing your operations therefore increasing your chances. As this agreement is still binding, the respective employee will work to perfection in their quest  to execute their duties diligently as a news anchor whilst keeping to the agreed terms and conditions. It is important that employer pledge commitment to competent service by the employee. WABC willingly accepts to pay Bobswell US$ 100000 in case of any damages. This is in respect to the assurance of compensation by the employer in case of any incident. At the end of this agreement, Bob Bobswell agrees not to engage in a similar venture as WABC for a period of one year around a distance of 50 miles of WABC in New York (Emerson, 2009 p.539). This is in respect to the assurance to the employer that his/her tactics will not be used against him/her. In case WABC fails to commit to its promises, the above conditions will no longer be binding. Rivalry means engaging in any other television venture with like interests. Bob Bobswell agrees to compensate an amount of US$100000 for failure to keep to the terms of this

The equality of American public education Essay

The equality of American public education - Essay Example On the other hand, schools which cater to the needs of the influential class students possess and provide abundant opportunities to the students regarding placement in advance courses. Although the immediate effect of such discrimination may not be evident; the long term consequences may be observed in the form of heightened professional success among the privileged students, since such courses prepare them in professional terms (Klugman   1).   Ã¢â‚¬ËœCulture’ as a tool to describe all problems related to achievement gap has become widely accepted among the vast majority of teachers who interact with students of color on daily basis. Although every individual, whether white or black possesses a cultural background; the notion of ‘culture’ is considered associated only with the deprived classes of the society. This may be considered an extension of the teacher’s self-esteem issue, since it is quite common for teachers to associate culture with everythin g that is non-white. So, instead of looking for the real explanation that lies behind the achievement gaps, white teachers are more inclined towards labelling it a ‘culture’ thing which therefore has either ‘no cure’ or needs a ‘prolonged therapy’. It has become extremely common to associate culture of poverty to the achievement gap that is evident among students. Although the reality that lies behind such gaps may be puzzling and in some cases difficult to determine, the common path chosen to explain such gaps is the over-simplistic approach.